Emulsifiers are chemical additives used in bitumen emulsions to stabilize the mixture of water and bitumen. These agents ease the dispersion of bitumen droplets within the water phase, ensuring a stable and consistent emulsion that can be applied effectively in road construction. Without emulsifiers, bitumen and water would quickly separate, resulting in an ineffective emulsion.
Emulsifiers reduce the surface tension between the water and bitumen, allowing them to mix uniformly. Depending on the desired application (1), emulsifiers can create cationic or anionic emulsions.
The addition of emulsifiers makes bitumen emulsion suitable for cold applications, which significantly reduces energy consumption since heating is not required. Emulsions also allow for quick road reopening, as the water evaporates, leaving behind a durable layer of bitumen.
(1): Surface dressing - Tack coat – Cold mixes – Micro-surfacing – Gravel emulsion – Penetration prime coat – Recycling – Industrial